AVEM Classroom 02 - Bit Depth of a Digital Signal

The Sampling rate determines the digital signal’s accuracy (how closely it captures the frequency of the original signal).

Bit depth is defined as the number of states you have in which to describe the sampled voltage signal. As the number increases, the number of possible states increases exponentially. In fact, the number of possible states increases by 2 to the power of the number of bits. As the number of bits increases, the number of possible states increases exponentially. In fact, the number of possible states increases by 2 to the power of number of bits.

A bit depth of 16 will have 65,536 (2¹⁶) possible states to describe the signal. Standard audio CD resolution is 16 bits.

Bit depth in digital video signals is a measurement of how many shades can be displayed. Each possible color is a state. The greater the bit depth, the more realistic the image will look.

Bit Rate

Bit rate is a measurement of the flow of information over time in a digital signal stream, measured by using (bit’s or bps). Generally speaking, the higher the bit rate, the higher the accuracy of the signal.

In some circumstances, data transfer rates are stated in bytes per second (Bps), which can be confusing. A byte is a block of eight bits used for representing symbols, numbers, and text in many data processing applications. To convert bytes per second (bps), use this calculation:

bps = Bps x 8

Table 3-1 lists the bit rates of several common data formats. As you can see, the bit rate for UHD 4k video is much higher than the bit rate for an audio CD. This means that if you want to send a UHD 4k signal from one location to another, you will need a lot more bandwidth.

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AVEM Classroom 02 - Bit Depth of a Digital Signal

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